Intellectual Technology

Advanced thinking / Advanced reasoning

Intellectual technology to solve problems
caused by governmental / organizational technology.

....................Think.ws
DougBuchanan.com

What the dictionary editors and English teachers still fail to convey....
Think: to think: (1) the mind's process of asking and answering questions, identifying and resolving contradictions.

Compare that definition with the nebulous and useless dictionary definitions of the word, think.
Therefore understand why Americans continue pondering, reflecting upon, calling upon, judging,
evaluating, analyzing, remembering, forming opinions, being certain, inventing, believing, inferring,
conceiving, considering, viewing, reviewing, devising, advising, anticipating, weighing, simulating, intending,
challenging, envisioning, imagining, regarding, fancying, speculating, deliberating, and doing everything except:
Asking and answering questions that identify and resolve contradictions to therefore solve problems.
Ignorant of how to think, because they were not taught the process, or even the useful definition,
the government people, their think tanks, experts, school teachers, professors, and the legions of
non-self questioning (unthinking) citizen organization leaders they produced, cannot and will not
solve the human-caused problems resulting from that ignorance.
But with that knowledge, you can....

Alaska Intech Ltd.
1957 Weston Drive
Fairbanks, Alaska 99709
phone: + 907 479 2149
Doug at DougBuchanan.com (replace at with @)

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If you want to most effectively hide something from the humans, make it more obvious than everything around it. If you were capable of creating the most brilliant knowledge puzzle in the universe, in addition to the universe, with a solution the humans obviously want more than any other knowledge but as a society remain perpetually frustrated trying to discover it, would you not make the solution openly available for the asking?

28 and 26 August 2010 comments below the following.

It is just a puzzle of knowledge. Anyone can learn it.

It is the process to efficiently solve any problem that humans have created, regardless of how seemingly complex or impossible.

It is a process of efficiently asking and answering effective questions of each resulting contradiction, until all related questions are answered.

The solution may then be promptly manifested, with opposition concurrently defeated.

Opposition is merely a contradiction, resolved within the process.

The solution to the puzzle always existed, available for discovery, like all knowledge.

The disguise of the knowledge is its simplicity, the reason it is so rarely discovered.

It is the most brilliant puzzle a human can learn. As an aside, it identifies the controlling design of the human mind.

To learn it one need only ask and answer a certain type of questions in a certain order, the process to learn any knowledge.

As an aside, it is the process of how to not be corrupted by power, thus creating wisdom.

It identifies verifiable truth, that which is most feared by the mind, and thus not effectively questioned.

The above is part of its disguise. Notice who does not ask and answer their related questions.

To promptly solve complex problems and achieve seemingly impossible institutional goals:

The Introduction

New readers who are interested in learning intellectual technology might first consider the Introduction page and then Pages 1 and 2.

Otherwise the most recent entries are first below, then on the highest page number (34).

Intech Concepts 32 includes two sections that may be of most efficient utility.

IntechConcepts 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

Introduction

About this site and author

Links

***********

Nothing herein is of value or utility to your mind until it asks and answers every question of your mind's perceived contradictions to the following. And if you identify a concluding contradiction, please notify the writer of these worlds. If his questions verify your conclusion, he will change his conclusion, conforming to logic, and thank you for your having advanced his knowledge.

If you are too impatient to read slowly and think while you are reading the words on this website, then one of the countless sound-byte type websites might be more suitable for your interests. Reading sound-byte type rhetoric, rather than thorough reasoning, cannot possibly offer knowledge that is useful for your mind's subsequent decisions.

To scientists studying how whales and dolphins think and communicate.... 28 August 2010

And to thinking people studying how whale and dolphin scientists do not think or communicate.

Humans are trying to learn how whales and dolphins think and communicate. The well-funded research produces popular nature study movies, prepared by journalists who are so ignorant of how humans think and communicate that the journalists are impressed with the dolphin scientists, rather than laughing.

But humans are making no scientific effort to learn how humans think and communicate. That is verifiable by asking a few questions, despite any objections by any scientists. The results are obvious. Destructive wars, imprisonments, forced taxation, contradicting laws, confusion and frustration still reign among humans, while they claim to know how they think and communicate.

Actual thinking and communication preclude all wars, regardless of opposition by non-thinking Obama Bush sorts and their legions of like-mindless military and police minions. The military and other such force-based criminal minds hold the same brain design as all humans. They are demarcated from reasoning humans by the military, police and lawyer sorts having adopted the perception of "institutional power" that re-routes data from the reasoning neurons in the brain to the power-perception neurons, as a non-detailed description. Upon learning the design and functioning of the human mind, one can do as they wish with any other mind, verifiable. Of course that ability is the dream of military sorts and the Obama Bush family of power-damaged minds throughout human history, but the design quite logically precludes the power-damaged minds from learning the functional design of the human mind, except by the outside applied results of intellectual technology that no mind can escape, by design.

Clearly the common human ability to think and communicate is so primitive that the human attempt to study dolphin thinking is an amusing comedy. The ability to fully understand dolphin thinking and communication is readily available to those scientists who first learn how the human mind thinks and communicates. No scientists have learned that knowledge, or they would not claim to be scientists, and they show no interest in learning such knowledge, or they would already have started asking why scientists so often contradict themselves with a process that was supposed to resolve contradictions.

You can copy and email this section to any whale or dolphin scientist, their institutions, their gullible funding sources, and nature movie journalists. But they will not understand these words because those chaps verifiably do not know how their minds think or communicates with words. In contrast, YOU might understand these words, to therefore more thoroughly enjoy the comedy of scientists.

Now consider, from the evidence shown to humans by the movies of the dolphins reacting to scientists, that the dolphins may understand the concepts expressed herein, and need only learn the association of the printed words that the scientists obviously cannot understand.

If an American scientist who is studying dolphin-thinking, living in the US, is told by Person A, such as any public school teacher, that the scientist lives in a nation with a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, and the scientist is told by Person B that the government keeps secrets (classified information) from the people, and Person B's claim is verified and obvious, and if the scientist does not therefore identify Person A as a liar or so damn dumb he reveals the unmitigated failure of the US government's public school system, then the scientist again reveals the unmitigated failure of the US government's public school system, and the impossibility of his understanding another animal's mind, with a human mind that cannot understand what it says to itself.

The resolution of the contradiction is easy. Either replace the secret-keeping government of the government, by the government and for the government at the people's expense, with an honest government of the people, by the people and for the people, therefore holding no secrets, OR, simply state that the US government is a government of the government, by the government and for the government at the people's expense, at each opportunity it is appropriate, and likewise ridicule the ignorant public school teachers who dutifully serve the government's imperative to incessantly lie to school students to keep the common people more ignorant than the obviously ignorant government sorts who believe that Americans live under a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The latter resolution is obviously easy, and establishes one's thinking and useful communication ability.

The former resolution is also very easy, upon learning how to think and communicate, while ignorant government sorts and their scientists would inherently remain confused, and respond with self-defeating contradictions. Humans hold no ability to sustain contradictions, especially against certain questions, in certain formats, that their minds could not escape, or their effects, by design of the mind.

The examples of the inability of scientists to think and understand human communication are nearly endless. I keep repeating my favorite examples, such as the scientists holding no comprehension that an inferior law contradicted by a superior law holds no weight or effect as law, even if you hand them a dictionary and the US Supreme Court ruling in those words, so the highly titled and credentialed, PhD Magnum Cume Loud scientists are routinely, easily fooled into making fools of themselves, at their obvious damage, paying unnecessary taxes and doing as bureaucrats, cops and lawyers demand under claimed authority of inferior laws contradicted by superior laws, etceteras and etceteras.

They do not ask the question, under recorded penalty of fraud, if the law at question is an inferior law contradicted by a superior law, or if it is the common law and therefore the highest law, not contradicted by any higher law, for the basic action at question.

If you train your mind to not understand the contradictions it makes, and not ask effective questions when the possibility of a contradiction is indicated (any time a government person's lips are moving), your mind will routinely contradict itself while it fully perceives that no contradiction is involved, by design of the trainable human mind. If you pay a fee to enter a National Park, while the government holds no authority to charge a fee (tax) for the exercise of a right, and you hold the right to travel by common means on the public rights of way (drive your car on the roads), and the right to walk on public land, then your mind will not understand the other foolish contradictions you routinely create or to which you gullibly acquiesce.

And then if you attempt to study what may be a logically thinking dolphin mind, with an obviously illogical human mind, you may impress unquestioning fools, such as US journalists, but not the dolphins who respond to only entertain the primitive humans playing dumb games for lack of a more useful mind. The dolphins may not be fooled, and are laughing when telling the stories to other dolphins, using dolphin words that do not contradict themselves.

If the dolphins are trained by scientists, to respond to a concept, such as analogous to the scientist-believed concept that Americans live under a government of, for and by the people, or that the Americans hold the uninfringable right to keep and bear arms as stated in the highest law of the land (US Constitution), and the dolphins successfully learn the concept and respond accurately, and then the dolphins more often randomly respond opposite of the concept, the scientists would be confused, yet the dolphins would be demonstrating human intelligence to the level of highly credentialed American scientists who recognize no contradiction in the government keeping secrets from the people, and the government demanding that you get police clearance (permission) to buy a handgun from a licensed gun dealer, etceteras and etceteras.

Animals that do seemingly illogical things and make sounds toward each other, that are not understandable to humans, are displaying the highest level of human intelligence demonstrated by institutionally taught humans who believe and acquiesce to the millions of laughably obvious contradictions created by government personnel, officials and other power-based institutions. Read that again, if you wish. It is flawlessly, scientifically verifiable with a series of questions. It illuminates why only fools claim to be scientists or any other institutionally taught person.

Until the humans learn intellectual technology, their understanding of the world will remain as amusingly primitive as themselves. And if school students are believing their teachers, including the highly credentialed university professors who helped produce scientists who are studying dolphin-thinking, instead of questioning those teachers down to the verifiable fact that they are dumber and more self-confused than the students, then the US will continue to descend to the nadir of Obama Bush and their unquestioning news journalist parrots (with apologies to the parrots for equating them to US news journalists).

In the competition for learning more useful knowledge, several other countries are obviously excelling beyond the US, while the US, like its Roman predecessor, squanders its human energy and minds (taxation of human productivity and time) on more effective war processes to deceive, kill and destroy, each of which cannot possibly be sustained by the human design, much to the amusement of the observers.

There is no need for YOU to become as ignorant and self-confused as American scientists. Ask your school teacher, university professor, news journalist, lawyer, politician or parents, if it is possible for you to own your body as an adult, if the government can dictate what you can and cannot put into it, without your harming anyone else, under threat of jail. And then after he or she reveals their void of understanding of how humans usefully communicate with words, ask if you can hold human rights if you do not hold exclusive ownership of your body. Then ask if it is possible to own private property for which one must pay property taxes, etceteras.

Never stop asking questions, and answering them, and questioning your answers, for the extremely valuable knowledge which such a mind-training process will create. Ask the questions of yourself, because the next person, especially those with titles and credentials, most likely stopped asking questions early in the game, to instead flatter a comparatively ignorant person who could give him a title, credential, mindless job, promotion or a vote for a government office.

It is difficult or impossible to fool a dolphin. It is so easy to fool the humans, even with blatantly contradicted words, that the humans are the best comedy on the rock.

Enjoy the show.

Definition of dumbed-down Americans, and YOUR human rights.... 26 August 2010

The inability of Americans, to accurately and verifiably describe or define human rights, with human rights being a controlling concept of human existence, defines the dumbed-down Americans as such.

Go ahead, ask your children, of any age, or parents, to flawlessly define human rights, to recognize how useless to themselves you have left them, as gullible victims of whichever power-damaged mind with a government title or other institutional title tells them what they must do, and are not allowed to do, by decree, routinely contradicting human rights.

Prosecutors, other lawyers, court judges, cops and other government bureaucrats, using power of office and color of law, can lie about what you must do, denying your human rights, as easily as a con artist or any other human. And by a series of simple questions government personnel can be proven to lie more often and more consistently than a common person, by design of their institutionally power-damaged mind.

Government power is based on fooling or intimidating unquestioning people out of their rights, and then granting or denying those previous rights as privileges, creating the power of the person so granting or denying YOUR previous rights.

If you cannot flawlessly describe each of your human rights, you are prey for even the dumbest government sorts wielding power of office.

The ability (intelligence) to articulate (state, say) what human rights are, is the legally required and logical demonstration to claim human rights.

A pet dog does not have rights because it cannot describe them to humans. A pet dog only has privileges granted and denied by humans. Humans who cannot accurately describe human rights, and are thus ignorant of what their rights are, including your offspring or parents, are routinely treated as pet dogs, and thus denied human rights, by power-craving cops, lawyers, court judges and other government bureaucrats.

Human rights are reserved by prevailing law for those who are sufficiently intelligent to accurately describe them. In the early days of written law, it was assumed by power-craving government sorts, flattering their egos with their mutually awarded government titles, that those people who are not sufficiently intelligent to understand and describe (articulate) such a basic concept as their own human rights, were too ignorant to make reasonable decisions for themselves, and therefore hold no rights, and therefore the more "intelligent" (more highly titled but usually less intelligent) government sorts may make the decisions for such "ignorant" people. That seemed logical to the power-damaged minds of government sorts who crave power over other humans, because the government sorts (wrongly) assumed that their knowledge of their laws (which were designed to create their power) created a superior form of human intelligence. At that time many people, such as the peasants who were too poor to afford an education to learn the skill of reading and writing, had to be verbally told what the written law required, and were therefore easy prey for the power of government sorts saying the law said whatever they said the law says. Laws are actually a minor, easily learned arena of knowledge that just sounds important, like the words, "national security", while "security" is an illusion in the real world. There is no "security". And a literate person can quickly and easily learn the PREVAILING written laws, without any need for a lawyer to say what the law says, if one knows what "human rights" are by precise description.

An analogy would be a situation in which the auto mechanics became the rulers of society because the knowledge of fixing cars, more difficult to learn than law, was seized by government accredited auto mechanic schools and a government certification bureaucracy, and who would not fix the cars of anyone objecting to their rule, while the unquestioning populace therefore believed that they held a superior form of intelligence. Well, that is what the lawyers did, primarily because they recognized that the common Americans had become so dumb that they did not even know what human rights actually are, at the intelligence level of pet dogs.

As more people became more educated, the government sorts, such as government-licensed lawyers, then progressively wrote laws in the needlessly complexified language of legalese to always keep the understanding of the written law seemingly too complex for YOU peasants to learn, and thus YOU must be verbally told what the written law requires.

That system is a ruse, because above all the legalistically worded inferior laws designed to fool unquestioning fools, the common language easily learned common law prevails.

The government-licensed lawyer system is the same as the "secret societies" or "secret gangs", wherein you must know the secret handshake or passphrase to be told the secret knowledge that is not really secret if you look around, and is rarely anything special, but fools unquestioning fools. A classic example is the routine "executive sessions" of the National Rifle Association (NRA), reserved for the Board of Directors only, wherein secret information is discussed. These are the same common people who commonly talk about what they know outside "executive sessions". If you were to attend those sessions, as I have as a previous NRA Director, you would have a difficult time not openly laughing at the childishness of those grown adults discussing nothing that is secret to anyone, and nothing that is of value as a secret, and what they commonly discuss outside of executive sessions. They are just intellectually immature, insecure children flattering themselves with their illusionary "secrets", identical to lawyers who memorize the language of legalese as their "secret passphrase", for an "insider club" system that fools fools into believing that only lawyers can understand the written law that you must obey.

It is impossible to obey a written law that you cannot understand from the written words. The only laws that you must obey (prevailing laws) can be easily understood from the written words, as required by law. The writer of these words can teach you everything you need to know to obey the few laws you must obey, in a couple hours, replacing all of the best law schools, and verify the substance of this sentence against all the questions of all the lawyers, judges and law school professor emeritus' in the nation. Or you can just read this section and a certain few others of this website, and learn the vast majority of the law you must obey, and any remainder by your answers to your resulting questions that you can learn how to make effective within this website.

The assumption that knowledge of the law is a superior form of intelligence, was ascribed to prevailing law, for a flawed reason described elsewhere. The law requires that you "expressly reserve your (human) rights under the common law" to demonstrate your awareness and understanding of them, so you can recognize when they are being denied, so you can be treated as a human equal to the administrators of the written law, and not treated as an ignorant pet dog or victim. That law, like all the laws of the common law, is never mentioned to the common people by the government's public school teachers, or any lawyers or government sorts, because as long as people do not "expressly reserve their rights under the common law" to each government agent upon any initiation of official communication with them, the cops, lawyers, judges and other bureaucrats can "lawfully assume" that their victim is among those who are too ignorant to understand human rights, and therefore "acquiesce to the inferior laws" that allow government sorts to make decisions for their human prey.

The above described government demand that you expressly reserve your rights under the common law, is partially valid reasoning, except for the controlling reasoning that describes such a government assumption and its effects as the crime of evasion of a known legal duty. All government personnel accept the benefit (salary, benefits, perks of title of office) for the liability to administer the law. Government personnel hold only the authority to administer prior written law, only the prevailing law, and the duty to do so. That liability includes informing the people of their rights under the common law, as a duty for which the common people pay the government personnel via taxes, at any indication of that the people or persons need to be informed. That can be verified by several means, including the full concept and law that effected the scant government requirement that they notify a person of their right to remain silent, upon an arrest. It is rational (the basis of all common laws) to presume that all tax payers or other citizens want their government personnel who administer law, to inform the citizens of their rights according to the prevailing law, if any question of their rights involves a potential denial of their rights by government personnel acting under the prevailing law that must be lawfully administered (obeyed) by government personnel who function of, by and for the people not the government.

The US cops, lawyers, court judges and bureaucrats simply violate the law with impunity, as usual, and lie to you if their lips are moving, because that is the source of their insatiable POWER over you, and their excuse to get more tax money from you, because YOU (if that is demonstrated by your actions or statements) and all the other Americans have been so dumbed-down by the government personnel, schools and news journalists that you cannot even describe (articulate) human rights. The first thing any intelligent species with a mind would teach its young is how the mind completely functions, its complete design, and the second thing, if the species held rights, would be the flawless description of those rights. Both such concepts are completely omitted in the American education system designed and maintained by power-damaged minds who cannot even accurately describe human rights.

Okay, once again.... A human right is, by prevailing law, an action for which the government holds no lawful authority (or any legitimate source of authority) to require permission (permit, license, mandatory paperwork or action), or any authority to demand the payment of a tax or fee. In common law countries, including the United States of America and about 35 other countries whose laws are of British common law origin, an action can be unlawful, and therefore not a human right, only if, 1. said action verifiably damages a real person, with a real, verifiable damage (eg. assault, theft, destruction of property), or 2. verifiably threatens real people with a real damage, which has not happened by chance alone, with a high possibility of that chance (eg, driving through red stop lights), or 3. with a low possibility of that chance but with such extensive damage that society has determined in the common law that society does not want to take that chance (eg, storing nuclear bombs or a large quantity of explosives in suburban residences), all of which is on record in written law, available for anyone to read.

The common law prevails above all the other laws and jurisdictions of law in common law nations, such as the United States. The common law contains no laws that contradict each other, by design, unlike the inferior law jurisdictions that are saturated with laws that contradict each other, creating the rule of personalities (cops, prosecutors, judges) who can decree which law they shall apply to their friends, and which to other people who are not favored.

A court under the exclusive jurisdiction of the common law requires the judge to administer only the common law as written. The judge becomes an administrative secretary without any power. In dramatic contradiction to a court of the common law, an equity court allows the judge to administer any of millions of contradicting statute laws, case laws and many other laws, at whim, or simply write a new law, as a case law, creating his POWER over the ignorant victims brought before court. Never enter a court (cross the bar) without identifying the precise jurisdiction of the court. It is impossible to defend under the law, if the jurisdiction (the set of laws) is not identified, or if the jurisdiction contains any contradicting laws.

As the US Supreme Court has ruled, and genuinely literate Americans have recognized, "An inferior law contradicted by a superior law holds no weight or effect as law". Over 85 percent of the so called "laws" enforced by the notoriously ignorant, malicious and self-serving American law enforcement agents, prosecutors, judges and bureaucrats, are inferior laws contradicted by superior laws. That enforcement of contradicted inferior laws constitutes felony crimes by cops, prosecutors, judges and other law enforcement bureaucrats, but among dumbed-down Americans whose parents, schools and government agents failed to teach the knowledge of rights and the common law, said enforcement of inferior laws is foolishly endured, and constitutes the excuses for enforcement budget funding, and taxation by fraudulent citation (fines) that pays the excessively high salaries and perks of cops, prosecutors, judges and bureaucrats. The other taxes have been diverted to the costly whims of countless other government officials squandering tax money from gullibly compliant, dumbed down Americans.

Rights can be exercised at whim, without any lawful interference, demands or delays from government.

A human action is either lawful under the common law, and therefore a right of the people, or unlawful under the common law, therefore allowing no government authority to demand permission (permits, license or mandatory action) or the payment of a tax or fee to exercise a right, and no government authority to allow an unlawful action (crime) by granting said permission or collecting a tax.

The obvious inability of the vast majority of Americans to understand the foregoing sentence, again defines the dumbed down Americans as such. They gullibly pay an unlawful tax to exercise the right to walk on their own public land, and the right to travel by common means on the public rights of way, every time they enter a National Park, etceteras. Dumb. The entrance tax pays the National Park Service cops (rangers) who are only there to arrest the people who do not pay them for arresting people who do not pay them. Likewise, as another example, dumbed down gullible people ask (acquiesce to) permission (building permit) to exercise the right to build a house, etceteras. The act of asking for permission (permit, license), or acquiescing to a demand that one get permission, or pay a free, is the act of willfully surrendering one's human rights, the act of a dumbed down American.

If you can be "permitted" to build a house, with a mandatory building permit system, then you can be denied the RIGHT to build a house, and thus be forced by the government to live on the streets or in a cave. Such government power defies the reasoning ability of the high court judges who wrote the common law to preclude the government from holding the power to deny the right of the court judges' offspring, to build a house, and thus force them to live on the streets and recognize that their high court judge parent was a malicious idiot.

It is either lawful for the public to walk on their own public land, to travel by common means on the public rights of way, and build a house, or it is not lawful to do so, and thus government-demanded taxes and permission (permits, licenses) for those acts constitute crimes by the involved government thugs criminally using power of office and color of law (inferior laws contradicted by superior laws) to effect a damage (value of time for process) to the permitted or taxed person.

Now, suggest that your children write the above and be able to explain it to anyone, or leave them to be gullible, ignorant victims, classic dumbed-down Americans, for any cop, lawyer, judge or bureaucrat who verbally states that this or that is against the law, requires a permit, fee or other mandatory process, without producing the related prevailing law as it is written.

Consider the following, related to this section, as variously stated in other sections.... If required to appear in court, before "crossing the bar" (the little gate in the court room, between the litigants and the public observers) state, and place a written copy on the gate or partition, for the judge, the following: I expressly reserve my rights under the common law. I do not acquiesce to any inferior law or any jurisdiction of inferior law by any means, words or actions, implied, inferred or perceived. I do not acquiesce to the jurisdiction of an equity court. I do not acquiesce to the liability of any compelled benefit. If any implication of such acquiescence exists, it is an error, most likely due to government deception, and I hereby renounce and recant it and its effects. I insist that any demand or action imposed upon me by any officer of the government or courts, be in harmony with the common law, under criminal penalty of fraud, evasion of a known legal duty, perjury to oath of office and other laws. I insist upon my right to a court under the exclusive jurisdiction of the common law. Am I being denied my right to a court under the exclusive jurisdiction of the common law?

Memorize or write the primary parts of the foregoing and carry the paper with you always. Carry extra copies to hand to any cop or government agent the moment you interact with them. Court judges will normally become angered or enraged upon your statement, and threaten you with all manner of intimidating threats. Hold your position. Answer no questions (you cannot be required to answer questions). Respond to any question with the following: "I seek to obey the law. What words constitute the lawful answer to that question? Show me the prevailing law requiring those exact words, and I will state those exact words to obey the law. You hold no authority to demand anything other than that stated in the exact words of the common law." And if under threat, such as the threat to conduct the court case regardless of your participation, simply state that you will remain to take notes on the criminal actions of the court judge and other government personnel using power of office and color of law to effect a criminal damage in violation of your human rights, including the right to a court under the stated and recorded, exclusive jurisdiction of the common law.

If American soldiers sacrificed their lives to create and defend YOUR rights, you do not deserve them if you are not willing to risk mere imprisoning (free food and lodging), or bureaucratic hassle, to defend your rights.

But to defend them, you must know what they are. They are any human action......(now write the rest from the above, or from your answers to your questions of the above).